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Embryo Transfer in Chennai

A scientific field known as embryology studies how embryos are formed, grow and develop. It focuses on the prenatal stage of development, starting with the creation of gametes, fertilization, zygote formation, embryo and fetus growth, and ending with the birth of offspring.

An embryologist is the patient’s first babysitter when they are going through fertility treatment. Embryologists create viable embryos that can be used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) transfers or stored for later use. Although the patients don’t always have much interaction with the embryologist team, these experts are actively working in the lab to guarantee the embryos’ healthy development. Teratology, the study of congenital diseases that develop prior to birth, is another aspect of embryology.

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Embryologists are crucial to the success of IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatments, which fuse sperm and eggs outside of the body in a laboratory.

IVF for women begins with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, which stimulates the ovaries to mature numerous eggs and to collect several eggs at once. The doctor punctures the mature follicle with a needle and extracts the fluid to be used for the egg retrieval procedure. The embryologist then collects this fluid to examine it under a microscope to detect and distinguish any eggs that may be present.
In IVF, men’s sperm samples are also collected as part of the genetic material collection process. After collecting the sample, it is delivered to the embryologist for sperm washing, which is the removal of all seminal fluid to differentiate the most mobile and healthiest sperm.
After collecting the eggs and washing and preparing the sperm, the embryologist fuses the sperm and eggs to produce embryos and closely monitors the progress. The embryos created by this process are subsequently implanted back into the uterus to induce pregnancy.

Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Embryologists frequently utilize the Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) method, which involves inserting a single healthy sperm cell into each mature egg to boost the odds of fertilization. This approach is used to overcome the constraints of conventional IVF, such as unsatisfactory semen samples and deficits in gamete interaction. During this procedure, the sperm are individually picked and immobilized with a modern micromanipulation station (containing a microscope, microinjectors, and micropipettes). Sperm can be introduced and released inside the inner region of the egg by using microinjection. After microinjection, the embryologist will test the eggs for normal fertilization the following day.

Physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI)

Men with weaker sperm samples frequently have more immature sperm. Immature sperm can still have good motility and morphology, but they may have greater levels of damaged DNA, which can result in poor embryo quality and pregnancy loss if selected for insemination.
In the IVF process, PICSI is a way of selecting the best potential sperm for fertilization before injection into the egg. Sperm are placed in a PICSI dish with hyaluronan hydrogel samples. Hyaluronan Hydrogel is a synthetic polymer with characteristics similar to Hyaluronic Acid (HA), which is a key component of the oocyte cluster.
PICSI enables the selection of spermatozoa based on their ability to adhere to this synthetic molecule with qualities comparable to hyaluronic acid (HA) around an egg cell. A hyaluronic acid receptor is found in the mature sperm’s head. Sperm that has undergone spermatogenesis, as well as the processes of plasma membrane remodeling, cytoplasmic extrusion, and nuclear maturation, can cling to HA. The embryologist then isolates these mature, biochemically competent sperm and uses them for ICSI. This chosen sperm is comparable to one that would be successful in the normal reproductive process. The more mature a sperm cell, the better able it is to adhere to hyaluronic acid, implying that it is probably more suited to fertilize the egg.

Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS)

All spermatozoa have a finite life span and die through a process known as Apoptosis. If an oocyte is fertilized by Apoptotic Spermatozoa, the embryo will most likely develop abnormally or cease developing entirely. This type of pregnancy frequently results in an early miscarriage.
To avoid this, Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS), an innovative sperm preparation technology that distinguishes apoptotic and non-apoptotic spermatozoa based on phosphatidylserine expression, is usually recommended. In other words, this method aids in the selection of the highest quality sperm for ICSI and increases the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.
MACS is a process based on the use of small biodegradable magnetic particles that have protein annexin antibodies. This antibody binds to sperms with significant DNA fragmentation, indicating that they are more prone to experience apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The sperm sample is subsequently transported through a column surrounded by weak magnetic fields. Apoptotic sperms are drawn to the walls, while healthy sperms move through the channel.
By removing unviable sperm from the sperm sample, the success rate of assisted reproductive procedures is increased by selecting the best quality sperm.

TESA/PESA/MICROTESE

PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) and TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) are methods used for surgical sperm aspiration. PESA is a method wherein sperm is collected from epididymis using a syringe and fine needle. TESA is a method wherein sperm is retrieved directly from the testicles. This is commonly used for men with azoospermia due to primary testicular disease (Very low sperm production in testis). In these men usually, there will be no sperm in the epididymis and testicular sperm retrieval is needed. If these procedures fail to retrieve sperm, then testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or micro TESE, which are open testicular biopsies, are performed to retrieve sperm.

Microfluidics sperm selection

Microfluidic Sperm Sorting is a novel alternative to conventional sperm processing because it does not require any prior processing of sperm samples or the use of devices (e.g., centrifuges) that enhance oxidative stress in sperm. It is a chemical-free sperm sorting process that use a disposable chip. The procedure is based on the notion of natural sperm selection in a passage through micro-barriers that mimics the natural environment of the female reproductive system (fallopian tubes). Selected sperm cells exhibit superior morphology and genetic quality, as well as more than twice the vitality and motility of unsorted sperm. This approach has been shown to boost cycle success by up to 25%.

Laser-assisted hatching

In Laser-assisted hatching a laser helps the embryo “hatch” or break through its outer layer or “shell” (also referred to as the zona pellucida) by creating an opening in the membrane. It is possible that the freezing and thawing processes during storage could be contributing to the abnormal thickness and/or hardening of the sample. When the embryo hatches more easily, it has a better chance of being attached or implanted into the uterine wall. The process of hatching and implanting an embryo is fundamental to pregnancy, and laser-assisted hatching can play an invaluable role throughout the process.

PGT-A/PGT-M

Preimplantation Genetic Testing – Aneuploidy: It is a genetic test done on embryos to detect numerical chromosomal abnormalities, also known as aneuploidy. This test is done on embryos before they are transferred into the uterus. Those embryos free of chromosomal aneuploidy can be identified for selective transfer by examining all embryos created during an IVF treatment cycle. As a result, the pregnancy rate per transfer rises while the miscarriage rate falls.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing – Monogenic: Embryos are tested for particular monogenic illnesses such as Thalassemia, Haemophilia, and some kinds of muscular dystrophy. It enables couples with a family history of these disorders or those who have had a child affected by these disorders in having an unaffected offspring. All embryos created through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) are checked for this particular monogenic disease. To have a disease-free offspring, only unaffected or carrier embryos are transferred. This can also be coupled with PGT-A to increase success rates even further.

FAQ

Embryo transfer is the final step of the IVF process, where a fertilized embryo is placed into the uterus to help achieve pregnancy.

Embryo transfer typically costs ₹60,000 to ₹80,000 depending on whether it’s a fresh or frozen transfer and if additional procedures like laser hatching or genetic testing are needed.

An embryologist handles the fertilization of eggs, embryo development, and selection of the best embryos for transfer, playing a vital role in IVF success.

  • ICSI: A single sperm is injected into an egg to aid fertilization.
  • PICSI: Selects the most mature, DNA-healthy sperm before ICSI, improving embryo quality and reducing miscarriage risk.

Yes. PGT-A checks for chromosomal abnormalities, while PGT-M screens for inherited genetic diseases, ensuring only healthy embryos are transferred.

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